Brief :-
One of the first uses of semiconductor materials was to join a p type material with an n type to form a simple but important semiconductor device called a diode.
The term diode denotes a two electrode device. As semiconductor diode is simply a PN junction with connecting leads or terminals on the two sides of the pn junction. PN junction is also called the crystal diode because the pn junction is grown out of crystal.
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A diode is unidirectional device permitting the easy flow of current in one direction but restraining the flow in opposite direction. A major application of diodes is in rectification i.e. in conversion of ac into dc.
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Semiconductor diode is becoming more an more popular these days due to its smaller size, cheapness robustness and higher operating efficiency.
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The p type material of the diode is the positive electrode and is called the anode whereas the n type material is the negative electrode and is called the cathode. The arrow symbol used for the anode represents the direction of flow of conventional current. The electron current flows in a direction opposite to the arrow.
The diodes have polarity and therefore, must be connected in circuits in the correct direction. Small diodes are marked with a band to indicate the cathode end. Larger diodes use the diode symbol to indicate the cathode end. Larger diodes use the diode symbol to indicate their polarity.
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Diodes are available in many package configurations, depending on their rating. Small diodes, used for low current application in circuits up to 1 A of average current, are generally packaged in a simple glass or plastic tube. Diodes for handling larger currents are packaged in metal containers and are often mounted by studs on metal plates to dissipate heat.
